考研英语二真题,2013英语二真题

2019年考研英语二真题

Part A

1. Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

The Importance of Sleep

Sleep is essential for a person’s health and wellbeing, according to the National Sleep Foundation (NSF). Yet millions of people do not get enough sleep and many suffer from lack of sleep. For example, surveys conducted by the NSF (1999-2004) reveal that at least 40 million Americans suffer from over 70 different sleep disorders and 60 percent of adults report having sleep problems a few nights a week or more. Most of those with these problems go undiagnosed and untreated. In addition, more than 40 percent of adults experience daytime sleepiness severe enough to interfere with their daily activities at least a few days each month - with 20 percent reporting problem sleepiness a few days a week or more.

Not only is the quantity of sleep important but also the quality of sleep. Poor sleep can lead to accidents and injuries; it impairs our ability to concentrate and think; and weakens our immune system making us more prone to illness. Recent research has shown that sleep deprivation may also be linked to weight gain, as the body produces more of the hormone ghrelin which increases appetite.

So how much sleep do we need? The NSF recommends the following amounts of sleep:

Newborns (0-2 months): 12-18 hours

Infants (3-11 months): 14-15 hours

Toddlers (1-3 years): 12-14 hours

Preschoolers (3-5 years): 11-13 hours

School-age children (5-10 years): 10-11 hours

Teens (10-17 years): 8.5-9.25 hours

Adults: 7-9 hours

Older adults: 7-8 hours

It is important to note that not everyone needs the same amount of sleep. Some people may function well on only six hours of sleep whilst others may require ten hours or more in order to feel rested. However, it is recommended that adults aim for between seven and nine hours of sleep each night.

1. [A] common

[B] rare

[C] serious

[D] strange

2. [A] diagnosed

[B] treated

[C] ignored

[D] caused

3. [A] Moreover

[B] Therefore

[C] Otherwise

[D] However

4. [A] worsens

[B] proves

[C] causes

[D] reflects

5. [A] duration

[B] frequency

[C] pattern

[D] intensity

6. [A] recover

[B] gain

[C] lose

[D] maintain

7. [A] guidelines

[B] requirements

[C] standards

[D] expectations

8. [A] awake

[B] asleep

[C] active

[D] energetic

9. [A] exception

[B] rule

[C] principle

[D] habit

10. [A] regularly

[B] occasionally

[C] frequently

[D] seldom

Part B

Directions:

In this part, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

The Future of Work

A. The world of work is changing fast, through innovation, increasing mobility and informality. But it needs to change faster to empower women, whose work has already driven many aspects of progress. Across the world, women are paid less than men, doing more low-paid and low-skill work and less likely to be in senior roles. Women are also disproportionately affected by the rise of non-standard forms of work, such as part-time work or temporary contracts. This is partly because women are often the primary caregivers in families and so seek out flexible working arrangements. But it is also because women are more likely to be in industries that are being disrupted by automation, such as textiles or retail.

B. The future of work is not just about how many jobs will be lost to robots; it is also about how many jobs will be created in fields such as science, technology, engineering and mathematics. These fields are expected to grow significantly in the coming years, and they are currently male-dominated. Women need to be encouraged to study these subjects and to pursue careers in these areas. This will require a concerted effort from governments, educational institutions and businesses.

C. The rise of the gig economy and other forms of non-standard work is also affecting men. Many young men are now working in jobs that offer little security or prospects for advancement. They are also more likely to be in jobs that are physically demanding or dangerous. This is leading to a crisis of masculinity, as men struggle to find their place in a rapidly changing world. Men need to be included in discussions about the future of work, and policies need to be put in place to support them.

D. One of the biggest challenges facing workers in the future will be the need to constantly update their skills. As technology advances, many jobs will become obsolete, and workers will need to learn new skills in order to stay relevant. This will require a significant investment in education and training, both from governments and from businesses. Workers will also need to take responsibility for their own learning, and be willing to adapt to new technologies and ways of working.

E. The future of work is not just about individuals; it is also about communities. As traditional industries decline, many communities are being left behind. This is particularly true in rural areas, where there are fewer opportunities for work. Governments need to invest in these communities, providing infrastructure and support for new industries. Businesses also have a role to play, by investing in local communities and creating jobs that are accessible to all.

F. The future of work is uncertain, but one thing is clear: it will be very different from the world of work that we know today. Workers will need to be adaptable, resilient and willing to learn. They will need to be able to work collaboratively with others, including machines. And they will need to be able to balance work with other aspects of their lives, such as family and leisure. The challenge for governments, businesses and individuals is to create a future of work that is inclusive, empowering and sustainable.

11. Women are more likely to be in industries that are being disrupted by automation.

12. Women are paid less than men across the world.

13. Many young men are now working in jobs that offer little security or prospects for advancement.

14. Workers will need to learn new skills in order to stay relevant.

15. The future of work is not just about individuals; it is also about communities.

16. The future of work is uncertain, but one thing is clear: it will be very different from the world of work that we know today.

17. Women need to be encouraged to study science, technology, engineering and mathematics.

18. Men need to be included in discussions about the future of work.

19. The rise of the gig economy and other forms of non-standard work is affecting men.

20. Governments need to invest in communities that are being left behind.